No

RISKS

MITIGATION STRATEGIES

1

Drought, erratic rainfall, water scarcity, and logistics challenges → reduced yields

Drip/sprinkler irrigation, drought-tolerant varieties, integrated pest management, climate monitoring and geographic diversification

2

ESG     and    Community    Risks:     Land

disputes or reputational issues

Land title deeds, community inclusion programs, outgrower contracts, ESG reporting.

3

Load-shedding affecting negatively the processing and the cold chain

Solar/diesel     hybrid     power      systems,

backup industrial generator, energyefficient processing

4

Fluctuating prices, foreign exchange

Diversified products (Tablets, capsules, powders…), contract farming & forward sales agreements

5

Soil depletion, biodiversity impact

Agroforestry, organic fertilizers, soil testing, sustainable land management

6

Quality loss, spoilage, inefficiencies

GMP-compliant processing, cold storage, optimized logistics, HACCP protocols

7

Worker illness, labor shortage

Occupational health programs, sanitation, training, insurance coverage

8

Crop, machinery, or input theft and vandalism

§ Security wall fence

§ Security wire fence surrounding the whole farmland

§ Security guards

§ Perimeter security, CCTV cameras, community engagement, access controls

 9

Unexpected losses (climate, market, fire)

Crop and asset insurance, contingency funds, prudent financial planning

10

Macroeconomic and Foreign Exchange Risks: Currency fluctuations, inflation, and import constraints

USD-denominated        exports,        multi-

currency accounts, and natural hedging

11

Political and Regulatory Risks: Policy shifts, licensing delays, and taxation changes

Proactive engagement with regulators, legal advisory, and diversification across markets

12

Supply Chain Risks: Variability in raw materials and potential cooperative defaults

contractual suppliers, local cooperatives, quality pre-testing, and multiple sourcing options

13

Governance and Capital Risks: Misallocation or weak controls

milestone-based    disbursement, segregated accounts, IFRS-aligned audits, and investor oversight

14

Market Access Risks: Payment delays and counterfeit products

Pre-offtake agreements, digital traceability, and diversified distribution channels.